Centre for Policy Research Professor Navroz Dubash Highlights Institutional Dimensions of Climate Policy in Newest Episode of “Environmental Insights”

Navroz Dubash, professor at the Centre for Policy Research in New Delhi, made a compelling argument on behalf of the power of international institutions and national politics to guide climate policy in the newest episode of “Environmental Insights: Discussions on Policy and Practice from the Harvard Environmental Economics Program,” a podcast produced by the Harvard Environmental Economics Program. Listen to the interview here.  A transcript of the interview is available here.

Hosted by Robert N. Stavins, A.J. Meyer Professor of Energy and Economic Development at Harvard Kennedy School and director of the Harvard Environmental Economics Program and the Harvard Project on Climate Agreements, Environmental Insights is intended to promote public discourse on important issues at the intersection of economics and environmental policy.

Dubash, who serves as a Coordinating Lead Author of the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, is a highly respected expert on the politics of climate change policy and governance, the political economy of energy and water resources, and the regulatory state in the developing world. He is a former senior associate at the World Resources Institute and former policy analyst at the Environmental Defense Fund.

In discussing the pragmatic frameworks necessary for the implementation of effective climate policy, Dubash said that international institutions are absolutely essential.

“Climate change in a sense is now a problem with a clock. We have a ticking clock if you're going to meet two degrees, and even more so if you meet [the goal of limiting the increase in global temperatures below] 1.5 degrees. It's not enough for every country to do what they can. We have to be measuring progress against what is determined to be necessary by science. So, we have to have some process through which policies and actions are assessed and evaluated.”

That is where, Dubash said, international institutions and rules have a critical role to play.

“What is the mechanism through which future [emissions reduction] targets translate into current action? There needs to be some kind of interlinking mechanism through which we both decide what target is reasonable, as well as think back to what we have to do today in order to achieve those targets. And if there are obstacles to that action, how we overcome those obstacles? All of those tasks really require institutions,” he said.

Dubash also discussed the significant differences between China and India as both of those countries attempt to reduce their emissions in line with the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement.

“In a sense, China has now over the last 20 years built up its infrastructure to the point where it can start thinking about in a sense what the transition is to a low carbon future. India has actually not built up its infrastructure. And we are an interesting place because our emissions are likely to grow for a while longer in order to meet development needs. Now, the trick is going to be how can India do this with a shallower increase in emissions than China exhibited?,” he said. “To unwind a coal or fossil economy actually will have ripple effects throughout the larger political economy of India. And so that it's not just the economic costs that matter, but also the transaction costs.”

Dubash remarked that the long-term potential for climate policy to succeed depends heavily on the internal politics in nations that have voluntarily pledged under the terms of the Paris Agreement to reduce their carbon emissions in coming years.

“I think the positive part of Paris for me was that it essentially recognized that progress on climate change is not going to come because of hectoring or peer pressure at the international level. It's going to come because national politics in country after country shift, where countries find ways of telling a story about how low carbon futures are good for them economically and can sell that politically to their own people. And Paris basically gave countries space to figure out how to tell that story and make it happen.”

Dubash’s interview is the first during 2022 in the Environmental Insights series, with future episodes scheduled to drop each month.

“Environmental Insights is intended to inform and educate listeners about important issues relating to an economic perspective on developments in environmental policy, including the design and implementation of market-based approaches to environmental protection,” said Stavins. “We speak with accomplished Harvard colleagues, other academics, and practitioners who are working on solving some of the most challenging public problems we face.”

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